Mechanical · rotating machinery

Bearing Life Calculator

Pick a bearing, enter the load — see how long it should last.
L10 = (C/P)^p × 10⁶ rev
6205 · 2000 N

Choose a bearing

metric
rpm
L10 — 10% of an identical batch may fail before this life.

Selected bearing

L10 rating life
at this load & speed
Static load margin
0C₀

Life vs. load

Compare against

Working backwards

Size for a target life

how much C do you actually need?

Selection usually runs the other way round from the life formula: you know the load, the speed and how long the machine has to last, and you need to know which bearing clears it. Rearranging L10 = (C/P)³ gives the dynamic rating you must buy — then the catalogue tells you which parts have it.

h
required dynamic rating C
Field notes

Reading bearing capacity

How it works

Why life scales with the cube of load

Every deep-groove ball bearing carries a catalogue rating, C — the constant radial load under which 90% of an identical batch will survive one million revolutions before fatigue. Push a bearing harder than its rated load and life falls off fast: the ISO 281 formula L10 = (C/P)³ × 10⁶ revolutions means doubling the load doesn't halve the life — it cuts it to an eighth.

Worked example

A 6205 bearing (25 mm bore, C ≈ 14.8 kN) carrying a 2,000 N radial load at 1,800 rpm is rated for about 405 million revolutions — roughly 3,750 hours of continuous running. Halve the load to 1,000 N and the same bearing is rated for over 8× longer, purely from the cube relationship — no other change needed.

Why do 6200 and 6300 series differ so much at the same bore?

They share a bore but not a cross-section. The 6300 (heavy) series uses larger balls in a bigger outer ring, giving substantially higher load ratings for the same shaft — at the cost of a larger housing bore and more radial space.

What's the difference between C and C₀?

C (dynamic) governs fatigue life under rotation — it's what the L10 formula uses. C₀ (static) is the load a stationary bearing can take before the balls permanently dent the raceway. A bearing can be adequately sized for running duty and still be damaged by a heavy shock load while parked.

Is L10 a guarantee?

No — it's a statistical rating. 90% of an identical batch, under identical conditions, should reach or exceed this life; 10% will fail sooner, and some will run far longer. It also assumes clean lubrication and normal temperature — contamination or heat cuts real life well below the catalogue number.

How do I combine radial and axial load?

Switch the load input to Radial + axial and enter both. The tool computes the equivalent dynamic load P the ISO 281 way and shows the factors it used. For single-row deep-groove ball bearings the factors e and Y depend only on the ratio Fa/C₀, not on the individual part, so they are the same across manufacturers.

An earlier version of this page said combining loads needed per-size catalogue factors and declined to do it. That is true of angular-contact and taper roller bearings, but not of the deep-groove bearings this tool covers — so the calculation is now included.

When does axial load actually matter?

Only once Fa/Fr exceeds the threshold e (typically 0.22–0.44). Below that, the bearing's existing contact angle carries the thrust and the equivalent load is simply the radial load — the axial component costs you nothing. Above it, P = 0.56Fr + YFa and life starts falling with the cube of the result.

What dynamic rating C do I need for a given life?

Rearrange the life formula: C = P × (L10)^⅓, with L10 in millions of revolutions. The Size for a target life section does this and then names the smallest bearing in each series that meets it. Note that demanding higher reliability raises the required C — a 99% requirement needs about 1.59× the rating of a 90% one for the same life.

Single-row deep-groove ball bearings. Dimensions and load ratings are standard ISO 15 catalogue values, the same across major brands. Radial and combined radial+axial loading are both handled per ISO 281; other bearing types use different factors and are out of scope. Treat this as a sizing starting point, not a finished selection.
Version history · site-wide passes only

This page has changed in 46 archived releases, but each of those was a site-wide pass, so none is attributable to this tool on its own and none is listed here. That is not a claim that the tool never changed — a release that reworked many pages at once may well have altered this one too. The changelog has them.