Rule of thumb · PhysicsNº 90 / 167

The slip angle is the friction coefficient

A block starts sliding when tan(θ) exceeds µ — so a 45° ramp needs µ ≥ 1 to hold.

Why it works

On an incline, gravity’s along-slope pull beats friction exactly at tan θ = µs. Tilting a surface until things slide is a legitimate way to measure friction.

When it fails

It gives the static coefficient at the moment of breakaway, and once moving the kinetic value is lower — which is why a block that starts sliding often accelerates. It also assumes a rigid block on a flat plane: a tyre generates grip through deformation and routinely exceeds µ = 1.

Do it exactly

Estimate with the rule, then check it against the calculator that models it properly.

Open Inclined Plane →

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How do you measure the coefficient of friction?

A block starts sliding when tan(θ) exceeds µ — so a 45° ramp needs µ ≥ 1 to hold. On an incline, gravity’s along-slope pull beats friction exactly at tan θ = µs.

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