Rule of thumb · MechanicalNº 17 / 167

Depth beats width, cubed

Double a beam’s depth and its deflection drops 8-fold. Double its width and it only halves.

Why it works

Bending stiffness follows I = b·h³/12 — depth enters cubed, width linearly. Joists stand on edge for a reason.

When it fails

Only while the beam stays stable sideways. Make a joist very deep and thin and it buckles laterally well below its calculated bending capacity — which is why deep joists need noggins or a restrained compression flange. Past that point extra depth buys nothing.

How wrong is it?

At 20 mm the rule says 0.0008 m and the exact answer is 0.0008 m — within half a percent. It holds to within 2% up to 53.2 mm, then drifts.

+2%0−2%103560Beam depth (mm)

The cube is bending only, and bending is not the whole deflection — there is a shear term that does not care about depth cubed. On a slender beam it is invisible. Make the beam deep and stubby and it stops being: the rule promises a stiffness the shear will not let you have.

The rule against the exact answer, computed across the range. Inside the shaded band the shortcut is close enough to use; outside it, reach for the calculator.

Do it exactly

Estimate with the rule, then check it against the calculator that models it properly.

Open Beam Deflection & Stress Calculator →

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Is a deeper or wider beam stronger?

Double a beam’s depth and its deflection drops 8-fold. Double its width and it only halves. Bending stiffness follows I = b·h³/12 — depth enters cubed, width linearly.

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